homework

objective 1
1 solutions are made up of a solute and a solvent an example is sugar and water colloids have larger particles than solutions an example is milk suspensions have the largest particles of all settle out quickly and never really mix an example is tea and water
2 the particles leave each other and join the solvent
3 the solute lowers the freezing point and raises the boiling point
4 you would make a solution because the particlesdissolve and mix well
5 see 3

objective
1 concentration is measured by how much of a substance is in another substance
2 it helps you figure out what a substance is
3 temperature pressure and type
4 it depends on heat to break the bonds
5 you can do tests to see how much of a substance can be dissolved in it

objective 3
1 conduct electricity, are sour, reacts with base, and react with active metals
2 conduct electricity, bitter tasting, react with acids, and feel slippery
3 bases=blue acids=red
4 acids taste sour so if acid is in the food it will taste sour
5 chemicals inside fertilizer could get on your hands

objective 4
1 the ion is H+
2 acid makes hydrogen ions in water and bases create hydroxide ions
3 it is an acid and breaks up HNO3 into H+NO3
4 it tells you the amount of hydrogen ions
5 when the ph number is lower the number of hydrogen ions is higher

objective 5
1 stomach and small intestine
2 stomach acid breaks down food and the small intestine digests fats and carbs
3 it would take longer because of the big food bits
4 the mouth is acidic because it breaks down food
5 acids break things down and acids and bases help digest food

homework

Objective 1
1  fahrenheit/kelvin/celsius
2 Thermal energy is the total energy of all particles in a substance. It can be transferred from one substance to another and change its temperature and make it hotter.
3 Specific heat is the ratio of the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of a substance by a certain amount in relation to a reference material such as water. A high specific heat would mean it takes more heat to raise the temperature of that substance compared to the same amount of water.
4 Thermal energy from your hand moves to the ice cube and it melts.
5  Things that are insulators trap heat or cold and block the transfer of thermal energy.(heat flow)

Objective 2
1 Coldness or heat moves from the object to the thermometer and it measures how hot or how cold the object is.
2 They all measure temperature but all in different ways.
3 41 degrees fahrenheit
4 460 degrees celsius
5 209,000 kelvins

Objective 3
1 conduction convection radiation
2 heat moves to places that dont have a lot of heat
3 conductors make it easier for energy to move through and insulators make it harder
4 a copper pipe because it has a lot of free electrons
5 a fire would keep the air around me and me warm (air is best insulator)

Objective 4
1 temperature makes matter change to a different state
2 when thermal energy increases matter heats up and changes state
3 the temperature stays the same cuz its changing state

homework for november 11

Objective 1

1 mass is more usefull because weight changes depending where you are and mass always stays the same
2 619.65 cm cubed is the volume
3 commonly used units for density are grams over cm cubed or Pa which are really grams over ml cubed
4 d= m over v
5 v=l x w x h

Objective 2
1 the difference between a chemical change and a physical change is that during a chemical change the substance's chemicals change but during a physical change the substance's chemicals stay the same
2 spontaneous, heat, light, and energy
3 mass is constant
4 temperture is similar to energy but isnt actually energy
5 endothermic reactions create cold and exothermic reactions create warmth

Objective 3
1 chemical energy the atoms are sharing electrons
2 a skateboard rolling down the street has kinetic energy
3 a pencil sitting on a table has potential energy
4 electromagnetic energy has to do with waves
5 electrons moving is electricity

Objective 4
1 particles that are warm move fast and particles that are cold move slow
2 the ice cream changes states of matter it starts to absorb the heat
3 when heat is added particles vibrate when the particles are cool they vibrate only a little
4 condensation happens when hot and cold air come together
5 Sublimation happens when a solid changes to a gas

Objective 5
1 Boyle's law  when volume goes up pressure goes down and the other way around
2 lower pressure would cause the ballon to burst
3 PV=K
4 breathing in increases the volume of the lungs
5 when the diver goes deeper the pressure increases Boyle's law states as pressure increases volume will go down

test 1

Question 1: make your own test

Who made the pool ball model?

A. Democritus

B. Dalton

C. Bohr

D. Thales

Who made the berry muffin model?

A. Thomson

B. Dalton

C. Rutherford

D. Chadwick

Who made the onion model?

A. Shroedinger

B. Bohr

C. Chadwick

D. Democritus

How many protons and/or neutrons are in hydrogen?

A. 3

B. 2

C. 1

D. 5

How do you find the atomic mass of an element?

A. the number of protons and neutrons

B. the number of protons

C. number of electrons

D. squirrel

 How do you find the atomic number?

A. the number of protons

B. the number of electrons

C. number of orbitals

D. number of particles in all

What are the types of quarks?

What quarks are in protons?

What quarks are in neutrons?

What does AMU stand for?

Who got credit for creating the periodic table?

A. Antoine Lavoiser

B. Dmitri Mendeleev

C. Julius Meyer

D. Chadwick

How are you reading the periodic table if your reading left and right?

 How are you reading the periodic table if your reading up and down?

How many electrons do the groups in the periodic table need?

How many electrons do the groups in  the periodic table have?

Question 2: how do we know about electrons if they're so tiny

Science often talks about things we can't see, feel, or hear. So how do we know they exist? Well the National Science Teachers Association says, imagine your in a dark room where you can't see anything. Your chained to a chair and all you have is a pile of rocks. Technically you don't know your in a room with a door, windows, and blah blah blah. But if you throw a rock in all directions you can hear if something is there(wall). You could also tell how far away the thing is by how long it takes the rock to hit the thing. Also a rock might make a different sound if it hits a door. And even though you still can't be sure walls and a door are there, the sounds could have been made by something else, your pretty sure from the data you collected your in an enclosed room. So just like the room scientists are pretty sure electrons exist because of the data they collected.

Question 5: what will the model of the atom look like in the future

Scientists at CERN and at Fermilab have been hoping to find a particle or set of particles called a Higgs boson They say the Higgs boson might give others mass. Scientists are trying to figure out if a Higgs boson exists by smashing particles together at high speeds. If the energy from the collision is high enough it is made into more particles, one of which could be a Higgs boson. But the Higgs boson would only occur fora few seconds then it would decay into something else so the scientists are looking for something it would have decayed into. If scientists eventually find out if the Higgs boson exists it would be put on a new model of the atom.

carolinegrahamscience8

Thales:Thales was a Greek philosopher who lived around 624 BC to 546 BC. He was the first Greek to attempt to find an explanation of the substance and existence of the world without relation to mythology. Thales' Theorem was if A, B, and C are parts on a circle where the line AC is the diameter of the circle then ABC is a right angle.

Democritus: Democritus was a Greek philosopher like Thales but lived from 460 BC to 370 BC. His mentor was Leucippus. Their understanding of atomic structure resembles the 19th century's understanding. Democritus is known as "the father of modern science". Democritus took a plastic bottle and decided that it was made up of small plastic parts that were "uncuttable". He named the parts "atomos" which means uncuttable in Latin.

Dalton: John Dalton was a scientist who lived around the 1800's. He is most known for his research on the atomic theory and on color blindness. He came up with the "pool ball" model. He also made "The Law of Multiple Proportions" which states when a chemical combination exists it does so in a ratio of small numbers. He also thought,like Democritus, atoms could not be divided. 

JJ Thomson: JJ Thomson lived around 1897. He discovered negatively charged particles were in an atom which meant there had to be positively charged particles in the atom as well. He came up with the "berry muffin model". 

Rutherford: Rutherford was Thomson's student but just a few years later, in 1911, he proved what his teacher taught him to be wrong. Thomson conducted the "gold foil experiment". He shot a beam of atoms at gold foil,if his teacher was right the atoms would have gone straight through the foil but they actually just bounced off in different directions. He discovered atoms had a nucleus made up of positively charged particles. He also figured out most of the atom's mass as in the nucleus and he made the "peach pit model". 

Niels Bohr: Neils Bohr was a student of both Thomson and Rutherford and just two years later, in 1913, he discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus and he made the "onion model".

James Chadwick: In 1932 Chadwick discovered neutrons, neutrally charged particles, in the nucleus. His model had a nucleus with both neutrons and protons, and orbiting electrons around that.

Shroedinger: Shroedinger emphasized the need to think about where we can find electrons rather than how they move. Electron orbits were replaced by orbitals. His model contained a small nucleus and a cloud of where electrons could be.

Sources:1= in class lectures

        2= wikipedia  http://www.wikipedia.org/